Snmp Trap Variable Bindings

If you look at the netBotzTempTooHigh trap in the Zenoss web interface’s MIB explorer again, you’ll see that there’s an extensive list of Objects associated with the trap definition. These are variable bindings. A variable binding allows the device sending the SNMP trap to attach additional information to the trap. 8 rows  The first variable in the variable bindings list identifies the interface.

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Traps are unsolicited messages sent from an SNMP agentto remote network management systems or trap receivers. Many enterprisesuse SNMP traps as part of a fault-monitoring solution, in additionto system logging. In Junos OS, SNMP traps are not forwarded by default,so you must configure a trap-group if you wish to use SNMP traps.

You can create and name a group of one or more types of SNMPtraps and then define which systems receive the group of SNMP traps.The name of the trap group is embedded in SNMP trap notification packetsas one variable binding (varbind) known as the community name.

1. Create a single, consistent source address that JunosOS applies to all outgoing traps in your device.

   A source address is useful, because although most Junos OS deviceshave a number of outbound interfaces, using one source address helpsa remote NMS to associate the source of the traps with an individualdevice

   This example uses the IP address of the loopback interface (lo0)as the source address for all the SNMP traps that originate from thedevice.

2. Create a trap group in which you can list the types oftraps to be forwarded and the targets (addresses) of the receivingremote management systems.

   This example creates a trap group called monitor traffic command, you can verifythat the trap is sent to the network management system.

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   The SNMP Inform operation provides some assurance that SNMP messages are received by a manager. SNMP Traps unlike Get/Set operations do not require a manager to respond with a confirmation that it received the Trap. The Inform operation was introduced to provide assurances to the sending agent or manager that its message was received. When an agent sends an Inform operation the manager will respond back acknowledging receipt of the message. This operation is helpful for SNMP communication because SNMP communication is most often over UDP which does not guarantee delivery of a message.

   TCP vs UDP. SNMP communication can use TCP as its transport protocol but typcially it uses UDP. TCP is slower than UDP because TCP provides reliability guarantees and sequencing of datagrams. SNMP typcially uses UDP because both of these features are not useful for SNMP communication. The ' reliability'="" guarantee="" of="" tcp="" is="" not="" useful="" for="" snmp="" communication="" due="" to="" the="" request/response="" nature="" of="" the="" protocol.="" after="" the="" addition="" of="" the="" inform="" operation,="" all="" snmp="" operations="" can="" require="" that="" a="" receiving="" entity="" acknowledge="" a="" request.="" if="" no="" acknowledgment="" is="" received="" the="" requesting="" entity="" can="" simply="" resend="" the="" request.="" tcp="" sequencing="" is="" also="" not="" useful="" for="" snmp="" communication="" because="" each="" snmp="" response/request="" is="" sent="" in="" a="" single="">

   

   The image below shows the structure of an SNMP packet. Each variable binding contains a unique object identifier, a type and a value (if a Set or response). The agent checks each identifier against its MIB to determine whether the object is managed and changeable (if processing a Set). The manager uses its MIB to display the readable name of the variable and sometimes interpret its value.

   SNMP Tutorial Part 1: The MIB, the manager, the agents.

   SNMP Tutorial Part 2A: Understanding the MIB.

   SNMP Tutorial Part 2B: Selecting a System

   More SNMP Tutorial Guides to Learn More:

   This guide is just one part of the first volume of the DPS Telecom white paper series on SNMP. After you're done reading, call one of our experts to discuss what you want to do with SNMP. Tell us what you're trying to accomplish, and we won't let you fail.